Changes need to be made giving a real impact on the cutting of CO2 emissions. The best approach is to refurbish existing housing stock with, for example; Polyurethane spray foam insulation. This will help to improve carbon emissions as it not only insulates but provides an airtight barrier decreasing thermal transmissions by around 30%. Adding insulation is increasingly the most effective way to achieve carbon cost effectiveness and therefore should be the first priority when thinking of retrofit.